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PEA

There are both dwarf and climbing forms of peas.
Other species of pea:
P. sativum var. arvense – arvensis means "growing in the fields" in Latin– is the smooth-seeded field pea used dried in soups and pies.
P. sativum var. macrocarpon – macrocarpon means "large fruit" in Greek – is the wrinkle-seeded snow pea, with flowers that are nearly white, which is eaten for its succulent young pods.
The green-shelled pea was only developed last century.

Plant Names
Botanical Family: 
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Name: 
PEA
Genus: 
Pisum
Species: 
sativum sativum
About the Name: 

pisum means pea, and sativum "cultivated" in Latin.

Origins: 

One of the most ancient old world vegetables, the garden pea can be traced to the Bronze Age.
It was domesticated in Europe and later in southern Russia, Armenia, northern India, Pakistan and the mountains of Ethiopia. Primitive peas were found in the old city of Troy. It reached China early in the Tang Dynasty, 600 to 900 BC.

Plant Description: 

There are both dwarf and climbing forms of peas.
Other species of pea:
P. sativum var. arvense – arvensis means "growing in the fields" in Latin– is the smooth-seeded field pea used dried in soups and pies.
P. sativum var. macrocarpon – macrocarpon means "large fruit" in Greek – is the wrinkle-seeded snow pea, with flowers that are nearly white, which is eaten for its succulent young pods.
The green-shelled pea was only developed last century.

Variety Notes: 

The smooth-seeded types, which have purple or blue flowers are suitable for cold climates. They are the old-fashioned starchy soup pea. Flour was made out of them and was sometimes mixed with wheat flour in bread. There were over 200 strains listed in the Vilmorin (French) seed catalogue of 1904. Yates had over fifty varieties in their 1904 catalogue.
The first variety of garden pea was perfected in Holland and became known to the French as "petit pois" (little pea), but the Victorian English were the first to develop and catalogue the separate varieties of peas.
Many of the 19th century names display Victorian chauvinism: Prince Albert, Victoria, Champion of England, William The First, Conqueror. In response, the French have varieties like Napoleon.
In Australia, gardeners attached to a particularly good one made sure they saved their strain. Little Marvel and Melbourne Market have been the standards for years, giving steady crops, while new introductions like Canners Perfection are more suitable to the commercial grower, because the crop ripens all at once.